{"id":106,"date":"2019-02-10T17:55:16","date_gmt":"2019-02-10T09:55:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/?p=106"},"modified":"2019-02-10T17:55:16","modified_gmt":"2019-02-10T09:55:16","slug":"linux-%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%92%8c%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%bb%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/?p=106","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span class=\"color_h1\">Linux\u00a0<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h1>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5206\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u952e\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u53e3\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u65b0\u8d26\u53f7\u5206\u914d\u7528\u6237\u53f7\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u767b\u5f55Shell\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u521a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u662f\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">useradd <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u9009\u9879<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9009\u9879:\n<ul>\n<li>-c comment \u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u6bb5\u6ce8\u91ca\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-d \u76ee\u5f55 \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528-m\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-g \u7528\u6237\u7ec4 \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-G \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-s Shell\u6587\u4ef6 \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-u \u7528\u6237\u53f7 \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u6709-o\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u540d:\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u4f8b1<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># useradd \u2013d \/usr\/sam -m sam<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237sam\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d-d\u548c-m\u9009\u9879\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55\u540dsam\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\/usr\/sam\uff08\/usr\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u4f8b2<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># useradd -s \/bin\/sh -g group \u2013G adm,root gem<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237gem\uff0c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u662f\u00a0<code>\/bin\/sh<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8egroup\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5c5e\u4e8eadm\u548croot\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dgroup\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u65b0\u5efa\u7ec4\uff1a<code>#groupadd group\u53cagroupadd adm<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u589e\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e3a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\/etc\/shadow, \/etc\/group\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177userconf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5e10\u53f7<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c06\/etc\/passwd\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u8fd8\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4f7f\u7528<code>userdel<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">userdel <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u9009\u9879<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u662f\u00a0<span class=\"marked\">-r<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># userdel -r sam<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237sam\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\/etc\/passwd, \/etc\/shadow, \/etc\/group\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u5e10\u53f7<\/h3>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u53f7\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3001\u767b\u5f55Shell\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u7528<code>usermod<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">usermod <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u9009\u9879<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5305\u62ec<code>-c, -d, -m, -g, -G, -s, -u\u4ee5\u53ca-o\u7b49<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e<code>useradd<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a-l \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u6539\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># usermod -s \/bin\/ksh -d \/home\/z \u2013g developer sam<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7528\u6237sam\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u4fee\u6539\u4e3aksh\uff0c\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u6539\u4e3a\/home\/z\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3adeveloper\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4\u3001\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u53e3\u4ee4\u540e\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7a7a\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u662f<code>passwd<\/code>\u3002\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u5b83\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">passwd <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u9009\u9879<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-l \u9501\u5b9a\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u7981\u7528\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-u \u53e3\u4ee4\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-d \u4f7f\u8d26\u53f7\u65e0\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-f \u5f3a\u8feb\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u4fee\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662fsam\uff0c\u5219\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">$ passwd \r\n<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Old<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> password<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:******<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"typ\">New<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> password<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*******<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"typ\">Re<\/span><span class=\"pun\">-<\/span><span class=\"pln\">enter <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">new<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> password<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*******<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># passwd sam <\/span>\r\n<span class=\"typ\">New<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> password<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*******<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"typ\">Re<\/span><span class=\"pun\">-<\/span><span class=\"pln\">enter <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">new<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> password<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*******<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpasswd\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5148\u8be2\u95ee\u539f\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u904d\u65b0\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff1b\u800c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u53e3\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u75288\u4f4d\u957f\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u53e3\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5927\u5199\u3001\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u751f\u65e5\u7b49\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u7a7a\u53e3\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># passwd -d sam<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7528\u6237sam\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6237sam\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u8be2\u95ee\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528-l(lock)\u9009\u9879\u9501\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># passwd -l sam<\/span><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u540cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5982Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5b83\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u7ec4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528groupadd\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">groupadd <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u9009\u9879<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-g GID \u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\uff08GID\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-o \u4e00\u822c\u4e0e-g\u9009\u9879\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684GID\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684GID\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u4f8b1\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># groupadd group1<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4group1\uff0c\u65b0\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a01\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u4f8b2\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># groupadd -g 101 group2<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4group2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u662f101\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2\u3001\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528groupdel\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">groupdel <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/span><\/pre>\n<h4>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># groupdel group1<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7ec4group1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4f7f\u7528groupmod\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">groupmod <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u9009\u9879<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-g GID \u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-o \u4e0e-g\u9009\u9879\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u65b0GID\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684GID\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-n\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u4e3a\u65b0\u540d\u5b57<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u4f8b1\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># groupmod -g 102 group2<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7ec4group2\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a102\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u4f8b2\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># groupmod \u2013g 10000 -n group3 group2<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7ec4group2\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u6539\u4e3a10000\uff0c\u7ec4\u540d\u4fee\u6539\u4e3agroup3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4\u3001\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5177\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4newgrp\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">$ newgrp root<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662froot\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\u6216\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\/etc\/passwd, \/etc\/shadow, \/etc\/group\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1\u3001\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\uff03<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> cat <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">etc<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">passwd\r\n\r\nroot<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Superuser<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\/:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\ndaemon<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">1<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">1<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">System<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> daemons<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">etc<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nbin<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">2<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">2<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Owner<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> of system commands<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bin<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nsys<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">3<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">3<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Owner<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> of system files<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">sys<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nadm<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">4<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">4<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">System<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> accounting<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">adm<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuucp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">5<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">5<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">UUCP administrator<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">lib<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">uucp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nauth<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">7<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">21<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Authentication<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> administrator<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/tcb\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">files<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">auth<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\ncron<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">9<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">16<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Cron<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> daemon<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">spool<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">cron<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nlisten<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">37<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">4<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Network<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> daemon<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">net<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">nls<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nlp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">71<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">18<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Printer<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> administrator<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">spool<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">lp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nsam<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">x<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">200<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">50<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Sam<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> san<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/usr\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">sam<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">sh<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u4e00\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u53c8\u88ab\u5192\u53f7(:)\u5206\u9694\u4e3a7\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u53e3\u4ee4:\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7:\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7:\u6ce8\u91ca\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0:\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55:\u767b\u5f55<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Shell<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>1\uff09&#8221;\u7528\u6237\u540d&#8221;\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc78\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\/\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u5192\u53f7(:)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u5b57\u7b26(.)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26(-)\u548c\u52a0\u53f7(+)\u6253\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2\uff09\u201c\u53e3\u4ee4\u201d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8bb8\u591aLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982SVR4\uff09\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86shadow\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u628a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\u5b58\u653e\u5230\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53ea\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201cx\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c*\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3\uff09\u201c\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51e0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u5c06\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f0\uff5e65 535\u30020\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237root\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\uff0c1\uff5e99\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u4ece100\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9650\u662f500\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4\uff09\u201c\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5)\u201c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u6237\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u5730\u5740\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591aLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u7528\u505afinger\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6)\u201c\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u5904\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3002\u5404\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff08\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u5219\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7)\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f20\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373Shell\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>Shell\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002Linux\u7684Shell\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709sh(Bourne Shell), csh(C Shell), ksh(Korn Shell), tcsh(TENEX\/TOPS-20 type C Shell), bash(Bourne Again Shell)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e60\u60ef\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2aShell\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9aShell\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528sh\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\/bin\/sh\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6709\u4e9bLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u6c42\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u767b\u8bb0\u4e86\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8)\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f2a\u7528\u6237\uff08pseudo users\uff09\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65b9\u4fbf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f2a\u7528\u6237\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\u4f2a<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7528<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u6237<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u542b<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u4e49<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nbin <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u62e5\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nsys <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u62e5\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nadm <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u62e5\u6709\u5e10\u6237\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nuucp UUCP<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nlp lp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u6216<\/span><span class=\"pln\">lpd<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nnobody NFS<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u62e5\u6709\u5e10\u6237\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1\u3001\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4f2a\u7528\u6237\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4f2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aaudit, cron, mail, usenet\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u592a\u7b80\u5355\u6216\u89c4\u5f8b\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5c06\u5b83\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u628a\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\u3001\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u884c\u4e0e\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5b83\u7531pwconv\u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0e\/etc\/passwd\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7531\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528&#8221;:&#8221;\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\u767b\u5f55\u540d:\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4:\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4:\u6700\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694:\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694:\u8b66\u544a\u65f6\u95f4:\u4e0d\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4:\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4:\u6807\u5fd7<\/span><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;\u767b\u5f55\u540d&#8221;\u662f\u4e0e\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u53e3\u4ee4&#8221;\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a13\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53e3\u4ee4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u542b\u6709\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408 { .\/0-9A-Za-z }\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4&#8221;\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u65f6\u7684\u5929\u6570\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u8d77\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728SCO Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8d77\u70b9\u662f1970\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u6700\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694&#8221;\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694&#8221;\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53e3\u4ee4\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u8b66\u544a\u65f6\u95f4&#8221;\u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u59cb\u8b66\u544a\u7528\u6237\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u6b63\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u4e0d\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4&#8221;\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f46\u8d26\u53f7\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4&#8221;\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u3002\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7528\u6765\u767b\u5f55\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\/etc\/shadow\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\uff03<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> cat <\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">etc<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">shadow\r\n\r\nroot<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">Dnakfw28zf38w<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">8764<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">168<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">7<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\ndaemon<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nbin<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nsys<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nadm<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuucp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nnuucp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nauth<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\ncron<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nlisten<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nlp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:*::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nsam<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"typ\">EkdiSECLWPdSa<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">9740<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::::<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>3\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7ec4\u662fLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e3a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528newgrp\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u5192\u53f7(:)\u9694\u5f00\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\u7ec4\u540d:\u53e3\u4ee4:\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7:\u7ec4\u5185\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;\u7ec4\u540d&#8221;\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e0e\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ec4\u540d\u4e0d\u5e94\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u53e3\u4ee4&#8221;\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f*\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7&#8221;\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u7ec4\u5185\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868&#8221;\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5217\u8868\/b]\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7(,)\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root\r\nbin<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">2<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bin\r\nsys<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">3<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span><span class=\"pln\">uucp\r\nadm<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">4<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span><span class=\"pln\">adm\r\ndaemon<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">5<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span><span class=\"pln\">daemon\r\nlp<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">7<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span><span class=\"pln\">lp\r\nusers<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">20<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">root<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span><span class=\"pln\">sam<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u6279\u91cf\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4f4dLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u3001\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u60a8\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\uff081\uff09\u5148\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u6309\u7167<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001UID\u3001\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5bc6\u7801\u680f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u505a\u7a7a\u767d\u6216\u8f93\u5165x\u53f7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u6587\u4ef6user.txt\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">user001<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">600<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">100<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/home\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user001<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bash\r\nuser002<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">601<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">100<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/home\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user002<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bash\r\nuser003<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">602<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">100<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/home\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user003<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bash\r\nuser004<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">603<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">100<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/home\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user004<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bash\r\nuser005<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">604<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">100<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/home\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user005<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bash\r\nuser006<\/span><span class=\"pun\">::<\/span><span class=\"lit\">605<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"lit\">100<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/home\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">user006<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:<\/span><span class=\"str\">\/bin\/<\/span><span class=\"pln\">bash<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>\uff082\uff09\u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0<code>\/usr\/sbin\/newusers<\/code>\uff0c\u4ece\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6<code>user.txt<\/code>\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># newusers &lt; user.txt<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0<code>vipw<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0<code>vi \/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u68c0\u67e5\u00a0<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\uff083\uff09\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\/usr\/sbin\/pwunconv\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c06\u00a0<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u00a0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u00a0<code>shadow<\/code>\u00a0\u5bc6\u7801\u89e3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u5199\u5230\u00a0<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u7684<code>shadow<\/code>\u5bc6\u7801\u680f\u5220\u6389\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u53d6\u6d88\u00a0<code>shadow password<\/code>\u00a0\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># pwunconv<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>\uff084\uff09\u7f16\u8f91\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5bf9\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0<code>passwd.txt<\/code>\u00a0\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">user001<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuser002<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuser003<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuser004<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuser005<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nuser006<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>\uff085\uff09\u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0<code>\/usr\/sbin\/chpasswd<\/code>\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c<code>chpasswd<\/code>\u00a0\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ecf\u8fc7\u00a0<code>\/usr\/bin\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u7801\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5199\u5165\u00a0<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u680f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># chpasswd &lt; passwd.txt<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>\uff086\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u5199\u5165\/etc\/passwd\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u680f\u540e\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0<code>\/usr\/sbin\/pwconv<\/code>\u00a0\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u00a0<code>shadow password<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u00a0<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\"># pwconv<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\/home\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u00a0\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5206\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u90fd &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/?p=106\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201cLinux \u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-liunx-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107,"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions\/107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/b.yesiyu.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}